vonmisesmle

astropy.stats.vonmisesmle(data, axis=None)[source]

Computes the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the parameters of the von Mises distribution.

Parameters

data : numpy.ndarray or Quantity

Array of circular (directional) data, which is assumed to be in radians whenever data is numpy.ndarray.

axis : int, optional

Axis along which the mle will be computed.

Returns

mu : float or Quantity

the mean (aka location parameter).

kappa : float or dimensionless Quantity

the concentration parameter.

References

R107

S. R. Jammalamadaka, A. SenGupta. “Topics in Circular Statistics”. Series on Multivariate Analysis, Vol. 5, 2001.

R108

C. Agostinelli, U. Lund. “Circular Statistics from ‘Topics in Circular Statistics (2001)’”. 2015. <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CircStats/CircStats.pdf>

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from astropy.stats import vonmisesmle
>>> from astropy import units as u
>>> data = np.array([130, 90, 0, 145])*u.deg
>>> vonmisesmle(data) 
(<Quantity 101.16894320013179 deg>, <Quantity 1.49358958737054>)